In addition, the scaffold and its components must support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times its maximum intended load. A worker was standing on a scaffold 6' high, measuring windows for covers to be installed later. 1. Since it is an elevated platform, the stability decreases as the height increases. Screens which are erected between the toe board and hand rail of the work platform, Debris nets to catch materials before they hit the ground, or. Place the first frame onto the base plates at the high point. The erected scaffold must support its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load. Is erected plumb and level. Toeboards being installed along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels. Ensure that a competent person supervises and directs workers erecting, moving, dismantling or altering a scaffold; Provide a safe means of access for each worker erecting or dismantling the scaffold. Toeboards must be installed not more than 1/4 inch above the platform and securely fastened. Suspension scaffold rigging must at least 6 times the intended load. Such retraining is required in at least the following situations [. The work deck must be fully planked. In addition, there is a lot of information regarding building your own scaffold towers on the Internet. Supported scaffold poles, frames and uprights must be plumb and braced to prevent any displacement caused by swaying. Medium-duty scaffolds can support 50 pounds per square foot. Employees must not work on platforms covered with snow, ice or other slippery material. Ladders that are a part of the scaffolding system, such as hook-on and attachable ladders, shall be positioned so that the bottom rung is not more than 24 inches above the supporting level. Crossbracing is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame. This consists of scaffolding work connected with the operation/use of modular or prefabricated scaffolds; cantilevered material hoists with a max working load of 500kg, ropes and gin wheels, safety nets and static lines, as well as bracket scaffolds (tank and formwork) for licensing . Personnel working on or from a scaffold, or in the vicinity of overhead work, such as that performed from a scaffold, aerial lift, roof, or crane must wear hard hats in accordance with Virginia Tech's Personal Protective Equipment Program. Where the frame of the scaffold will be used for access, the manufacturer must specify in writing that it was designed for such purposes. For lathing and plastering, a gap of 18 inches is permitted. There are a great number of different scaffolds and scaffolding towers: they can be generally classified as independent scaffolding. 22. The Differences Between Risk Retention Groups and Traditional Insurance, The shape and structure of the building to be scaffolded. Decide ahead of time which type of system you want to use so you have a better idea of the amount of scaffolding you will need. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Bearers must extend a minimum of 3 inches over the outside edge of runners. You can measure if something is plumb by using a plumb bob or a spirit or laser level. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. Because the frames are stacked, the cross braces have to keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. Scaffolds with a height-to-base width ratio of more than four to one shall be restrained from tipping over by guying, tying, bracing, or equivalent means. the diagonal brace to keep the scaffolding square. Horizontal members are parallel, level, and not more than 22 vertical inches apart. [, Scaffold platforms and walkways must be at least 18 inches wide, unless they are used in areas that the employer can demonstrate are so narrow that they must be less than 18 inches wide. Ties, guys, bracing and/or outriggers may be needed to assure a safe, stable scaffold assembly. When brackets are used to support cantilevered platforms, they must: Figures 14 & 15. decking, planks) must not be painted to hide defects. shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. We are headquartered in Turlock, CA, with locations across the heart of Californias Central Valley and beyond to provide a local feel to the solutions and services we provide our clients. Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall be plumb (i.e. Placement of potential falling objects away from the edge of the surface from which they may fall when the falling objects are too large, heavy or massive to be contained or deflected by any of the above-listed measures. Midrails must be capable of supporting at least 150 pounds applied in a downward or outward direction. Changes at the worksite present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. The erected scaffold must support its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load. [, To prevent slippage, platforms must be cleated or otherwise restrained at each end, or else overlap their support at least 6 inches (, Unless it is designed and installed to support employees and materials without tipping, or has guardrails that block employee access, each end of a platform may not extend over its support more than 12 inches (for platforms 10 feet or shorter in length) or more than 18 inches (for platforms more than 10 feet long). Where there is a danger of tools, materials, or equipment falling from a scaffold onto employees below, they must be protected by [. Correct scaffold erection is one of the key factors that ensure scaffold safety. | QUESTIONS? 1926.454 PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. [, Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent tipping of supported scaffolds bearing eccentric loads, such as cantilevered work platforms. Frames and panels should also be locked together to prevent uplift. 1 . All brace connections shall be made secure. 1. [, On scaffolds where platforms are abutted to create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface (this does not preclude the use of shared support members such as "T" sections, hook-on platforms that rest on common supports, etc.). Fasten all couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next level. TRUE represents being SQUARE on both the LEVEL & PLUMB axis at the same time on all sides of the unit being installed. Follow all state, local and federal codes, ordinance and regulations pertaining to scaffolding. The two measurements should be equal. All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. _____ 1. Prepares layout, using rule, framing square, and calipers. Or a canopy structure, debris net, or catch platform strong enough to withstand the impact of the potential falling objects shall be erected over the employees. These scaffolds can be assembled in multiple directions, making them the preferred option for work surfaces with irregular dimensions and/or contours. Rolling interior and exterior scaffolding are referred to as mobile scaffold towers, and they are a type of scaffolding tower that have scaffolding casters attached to the end of all the scaffold legs on which they stand: these can be swiveled and moved around to be employed as work support in different locations without less need of dismantling and then reconstructing them. 3. OSHA 1926.454 (c) states: When an employer has reason to believe . The guardrail system shall be installed along all open sides and ends of the platform before being used as a work platform by employees. The face of the work (ex. To make sure the scaffold is level, use a level on a horizontal support or bearer. Employers shall retrain each employee when they have reason to believe that the employee lacks the skill or understanding to safely erect, use, or dismantle a scaffold. Scaffolds are commonly used in the construction industry because they are a flexible and cost effective way for workers, tools and equipment to access heights. To accomplish this, the scaffold design must incorporate a realistic assessment of maximum intended loads on the scaffold at all stages of erection and loading. The proper use of the scaffold, and the proper handling of materials on the scaffold. See Appendix A of Subpart L for non-mandatory toeboard guidelines. Plumb and level the scaffold as it is being erected. Footing. The top edge height of toprails on supported scaffolds must be between 36 inches and 45 inches. Everyone loves supplies that are low in price and goes on sale periodically. (True or False) _____ 2. . [, Scaffolds and scaffold components must be inspected for visible defects before each shift by a competent person, and after each occurrence that could affect a scaffold's integrity (such as being struck by a crane). The number one scaffold hazard is worker falls. Fasten the screw jack to the sills with either nails or screws. Changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling object protection, or other equipment present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. Guardrails May Have Saved Him, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Electrical Incidents: Lack of Ground-Fault Protection, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, Scaffolding : Supported Scaffolds - Frame or Fabricated, In order to assure stability, supported scaffolds must be set on [, Footings must be capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement. Bracing Connect panels and frames with diagonal, horizontal, or cross braces along or as a combination, in order to laterally secure the vertical members. Integral (built-in) scaffold access frames must: Stair towers (scaffold stairway/towers) must have (Figure 7): Direct access to or from another surface is permitted only when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and not more than 24 inches vertically from the other surface. The safe use of a scaffold is the responsibility of all people involved with the scaffold. Connect the first cross- brace to the frame. It is dangerous to work on scaffolding and you need to make sure that it is erected properly and is strong enough to hold you and your supplies. The distance between beare r s and runners shall not exceed manufacturer's re c o m-m e n d a t i o n s . Employees are not permitted to work on or from a scaffold during storms or high wind, unless a competent person has determined that it is safe, and those employees are protected by [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(12)]: Because they may be built in proximity to overhead power lines, and because they are often made of metal, scaffolds can put workers at risk of electrocution. Position the first level of bracing as close to the base as possible. Each frame or panel shall be braced by horizontal bracing, cross bracing, diagonal bracing or any combination thereof for securing vertical members together laterally. Where a platform changes direction (ex. Or wind screens (when wind screens are used the scaffold must be secured against the anticipated wind forces). After the sign had been partially painted, the scaffold was moved to allow concrete to be placed around the sign. Supported scaffolds are scaffolds supported from the ground by rigid elements such as outrigger beams, poles, legs, base plates, sills and posts. Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. Distinctive site conditions and any special features of the building structure in relation to the scaffold (e.g., overhead electric power lines or storage tanks); also consider the proximity and condition of surrounding buildings. "Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement." 1926.451 (c) (2) (i) Although not an issue in this photo, this means that if the . Chicken Ladder. 4. The legs, poles, frames, and uprights must bear on base plates and mud sills. [3] Lift the planks through the scaffold bars and into place. Training shall include [. [. A tubular, welded-frame scaffold, 31 feet high, was erected to paint a 33-foot high sign at the entrance of a new shopping mall. (True or False) _____ 3. Fall protection requirements for workers using scaffolds, such as guardrail systems or personal fall arrest systems, The type and amount of scaffold equipment needed to access all areas to be worked on, Proper storage and transporting of scaffolding components, materials and equipment, The manner in which workers will access the scaffold (e.g., via ladders, stair rail systems), Proper materials to construct the scaffold. When dismantling the scaffold, check to ensure that the scaffold has not been structurally altered in a way that would make it unsafe. System Scaffolding. Be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the top edge of the toeboard, they should be prevented from falling by paneling or screening extending from the toeboard to the top of the guardrail. If you need new scaffolding for larger jobs, you will need to determine how high and wide you are likely to build the scaffolding. [, A landing platform at least 18 inches wide by 18 inches long at each level. In some cases, you may choose a new. The forklift is not moved horizontally while the platform is occupied. Tip: Because it may be difficult to determine if a power line is insulated, or what its exact voltage is, the 10 foot rule should always be applied. He fell 16 feet to the ground, sustaining facial fractures and other injuries. Additional requirements for these scaffolds can be found in their respective modules. (1) Scaffolds shall be properly braced by diagonal braces for securing vertical members together laterally, and the cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. building materials, paint roller extensions, scaffold components) that may be handled on them, come closer than 10 feet to the power line. [, Have minimum rung length of 11 inches. Crawling Board. A plumb bob uses gravity to help you align things properly. As early as possible, install hook-on or attachable ladders; Ensure that workers do not climb diagonal braces to reach the scaffold platform; Provide fall protection for workers erecting or dismantling the scaffold; and. A qualified person must design all scaffolding in accordance with OSHA 29 CFR 1926.451 "General Requirements for Scaffolds" and 29 CFR 1926.452 "Additional . [, Scaffolds are to be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision of a competent person qualified in such activities. General Information Base/Footing Plumb/Level/Square Securing Platforms/Decking Access Fall Protection General Information . They should be installed along all open sides and at both ends of platforms, except when used as a walkway, the platform is the main working area of the scaffold. The Scaffold cross braces should never be used as a means of access. Strict rules and regulations have been issued by the OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) and the EU-OSHA (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work). [, In addition to meeting the requirements of, When vertical lifelines are used, they must be fastened to a fixed safe point of anchorage, independent of the scaffold, and be protected from sharp edges and abrasion. Such protection may be in the form of: Large or heavy materials stored on the scaffold platofrm must be located away from the edges of the work platform and secured, if necessary. We commit to utilizing our collective talent to support your risk management and insurance goals. length as will automatically square and aline vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. . [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(9)(i)]. Scaffolds and scaffold components must be capable of supporting, without failure, their own weight and at least 4 times their maximum intended load. [, Stairways installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal. Scaffold planks should extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. There were no guardrails at the working level. This will have an impact on what components you will need as well as how many of each component will be necessary to complete your tasks. Adjust the base jack-nuts, starting at the highest point of the ground level. Correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, etc. Consider such platforms for added stability and safety. To be specific, a "true" surface is as "plumb" or as "level" as the job requires (which, in most cases, is a perfect level of both or either). It's best to have everything as low as possible so parts don't get blown or bounced out. Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall bear on base plates and mud sills (or other adequate firm foundation). Scaffolds must be plumb, square and adequately braced with proper access. Ladder Jack Scaffold. 5. Greater variations in riser height are allowed for the top and bottom steps of the entire system (not for each flight of stairs). [, Guardrail systems must be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms, and must be in place before the scaffold is released for use by employees other than erection/dismantling crews. The other five workers were hospitalized with electrical burns. Tip: Separation of frames can occur in high winds (uplift), or when workers climb endframes, overload the platform, or strike the scaffold with tools, materials, etc. The amount of time needed to erect and dismantle the scaffold. Runners and bearers must be installed on edge. Faults: Damaged. Only two workers may be on a pumpjack scaffold at a time. 1926.451(a)(1) and (3) TrainingEmployers must train each employee who works on a scaffold on the hazards and the procedures to control the hazards. [. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(5)]. [, When platforms must overlap because a scaffold changes direction, such as turning a corner, platforms that rest on a bearer at an angle other than a right angle shall be laid first, and platforms that rest at right angles over the same bearer shall be laid second, on top of the first platform. [, Slip-resistant surfaces on treads and landings. Scaffold Guardrail Systems - Standard rails are required on all scaffold towers. In general, a level is the easiest way to achieve the desired right angles. The jack-nut at the highest ground level should be set 7.5-15 cm (3-6 in.) Scaffolds must be fully planked or decked whenever possible. Others, such as swivel couplers, can be used for a variety of purposes; they can be positioned to allow various angles and crosses among the types of piping. Most screw jacks will have a built-in stop so that the maximum height cannot be exceeded. Step 2. Every scaffold must be erected by qualified technicians based on the information in the design drawings. Except when used only as a walkway, the platform is the work area of the scaffold. A scaffold can be overloaded by [. 22.B.12 Scaffolds shall be plumb and level unless engineered and designed to contour as the structure does. Fasten all couplers and/or connections . (k) The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. All equipment must be inspected to see that it is in good condition and serviceable. Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the scaffolding is considered incomplete (i.e. Able to withstand a force of at least 50 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along the toeboard. If solid sawn wood is used, it must be scaffold grade. Unstable objects, such as bricks, cinder blocks, buckets, scrap lumber, etc., shall not be used to support or level scaffolds. [, When moving platforms to the next level, the existing platform must be left undisturbed until the new end frames have been set in place and braced. (For mobile scaffolds, the maximum height of the screw jack is 12 inches.). Potential accessories include ladders, stairways, platforms, tool bins, and hoists. Proper access must be provided to access the work platform of the scaffold. (Figure 4) [, Scaffolds shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person. Specific requirements are described below. Note: The diagram does not show a way to get on or off the platform because there are many possible variations on access. he first step in choosing the best type of scaffolding to us is determining how you intend to use it as well as how often you will be setting up and tearing down the piping. Support scaffold footings must be level and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold. Guardrails must be installed on scaffolding over 10'. The scaffold should be plumb, level and square. The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. He suffered multiple fractures to the head, left and right foot, and left wrist, and torn ligaments in the knees. The focus of this position will be to construct, erect, install, and repair structures and fixtures of wood, plywood, and wallboard, using carpenter's hand tools and power tools, conforming to . Scaffolding means a convenient platform for persons to work at height. Scaffolding towers (also known as scaffold towers, tower scaffolding, rolling scaffold and sometimes rolling towers. Personal fall arrest systems used on scaffolds are required when the guardrail system is incomplete or does not provide adequate protection. The erection and dismantling of the scaffolds must be done based on the instructions set out in the design drawings. Additional protection from falling debris and other small objects must be provided in areas where personnel will be in the vicinity of scaffolds. The momentum of the frame thrust the employee backward off the second level. Personal Fall Arrest System. [, Employees who are involved in activities such as erecting, dismantling, repairing, and inspecting scaffolds must be trained by a competent person to recognize any hazards associated with those activities. Platforms may be coated periodically with wood preservatives, fire retardants, and slip-resistant finishes, provided they do not obscure the top or bottom wood surfaces. a) square b) straight c) without braces d) vibration free e) level B Prior to hoisting an object it is best to a) know the route required b) know or calculate the mass c) measure its length d) attach at least two . Duty level of scaffold is based on the chart below. The maximum intended load and the load-carrying capacity of the scaffold. Note: Except where . Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. Safe points of anchorage include structural members of buildings, but not standpipes, vents, electrical conduit, etc., which may give way under the force of a fall. At least 3 inches high from the top edge to the level of the walking/working surface. 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